security: E2EE and transport correctness (issue #147)

T04: promote security events to warnings — SASL auth failure, TLS
handshake failure, cert-failure details, see-other-host redirect;
DISABLE_TLS, TRUST_TLS and LEGACY_AUTH get a log warning plus a
console notice (REQ-LOG-01, REQ-LOG-02, REQ-AUTH-03)

T05: warn when a session ends up unencrypted without the user having
asked for it; refuse in-band registration on an unencrypted stream;
warn on each HTTP transfer with certificate verification disabled
(REQ-CRY-03, REQ-CFG-01)

T06: pin the update check to https with peer/host verification and no
redirects; strict N.N.N parser for the fetched version, which is
untrusted network input (REQ-VUL-02)

T09: no plaintext logging on failed MUC OMEMO sends; OTR opportunistic
first message passes allow_unencrypted_message(); get_random_string()
draws from a CSPRNG without modulo bias; guard the identity-key length
decrement against unsigned underflow (REQ-CRY-01, REQ-CRY-02,
REQ-CRY-07, REQ-MEM-05)

REQ-VUL-03 and REQ-CRY-09 are already satisfied on master and are
left unchanged.

tests/unittests/unittests.c

@@ -687,6 +687,7 @@ main(int argc, char* argv[])
         cmocka_unit_test(get_mentions__tests__various),
         cmocka_unit_test(release_is_new__tests__various),
         cmocka_unit_test(str_xml_sanitize__strips_illegal_characters),
+        cmocka_unit_test(get_random_string__generates_valid_ids),
 
         cmocka_unit_test_setup_teardown(plugins_get_command_names__returns__no_commands,
                                         load_preferences,