Add Travis CI tests for Arch, Debian and OSX/macOS

+ Arch and Debian are run in Docker containers, as openSUSE Tumbleweed.

+ OSX/macOS doesn't use any containers.
   * Homebrew is used to fetch all the dependencies.
   * The dependencies are declared in the Brewfile.travis file.

+ The travis-build.sh script has been modified to check for the current
  OS and the different configure flags has been moved into an array
  that'll be looped through instead.
  The xscreensaver (for libXScrnSaver) flags has been removed for macOS
  as it only makes sense for systems running X11, which macOS doesn't
  (usually) do.

+ Some minor shellcheck fixes, too.

Fixes: #1100

Brewfile.travis

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+brew 'autoconf'
+brew 'autoconf-archive'
+brew 'automake'
+brew 'check'
+brew 'curl'
+brew 'expat'
+brew 'glib'
+brew 'gnutls'
+brew 'gpgme'
+brew 'gtk+'
+brew 'libffi'
+brew 'libotr'
+brew 'libsignal-protocol-c'
+brew 'libstrophe'
+brew 'libtool'
+brew 'ncurses'
+brew 'openssl'
+brew 'ossp-uuid'
+brew 'pkg-config'
+brew 'readline'